This morning we woke up bright and early to be able to see at the sites on our itinerary. Our first stop was the Tower of London. I was really looking forward to coming here because this is the site where many common and famous prisoners were tortured or beheaded (yes, I know that sounds morbid) and it is the home of the Crown Jewels.
The Tower of London was founded in 1066 as part of the Norman conquest of England. Over the centuries, it has grown to the size it is today. In 1078, William the Conqueror began having the White Tower created.
In the middle of this picture you can see a gray line (so to speak) that is flush with the grass. This is the remainder of an original wall that the Romans built when they conquered this area thousands of years ago.
Throughout the centuries the palace has served as a Royal residence, an armory, a treasury, home of the Royal Mint, a prison and home to the Crown Jewels. The castle was mainly used as a prison during the 16th and 17th centuries for those who had fallen into disgrace with the King. One interesting thing I learned was only eight people were actually executed within the Tower walls. Most people were executed on Tower Hill which is north of the castle. When traitors were brought to the Tower they came through this gate called Traitor's Gate. The waterway on the other side of the gate is the River Thames.
This building is called the Waterloo Barracks and it holds the Crown Jewels. There are 23,578 gems in the priceless Crown Jewels!
These buildings were built during the Tudor era and look quite odd among the rest of the stone structures that make of the Tower of London. In front of the housing is an area called the Tower Green. This is where it is believed most of the beheadings took place. However, research has proven that the most famous beheading, that of Anne Boleyn, took place in front of Waterloo Barracks.
This is the Chapel Royal of St. Peter and Vincula. Unfortunately, we were not able to go into the chapel. The two wives of King Henry VIII's who were beheaded are buried here - Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard. Other people buried here are Sir Thomas More and Bishop John Fisher; both who refused to state that King Henry VIII was head of the Church of England.
Our next stop was Tower Bridge. Many people, including myself, believe that this is THE London Bridge. It is not. Tower Bridge was commissioned by Queen Victoria and took eight years to build. It was completed in 1894.
Our last stop for the day was St. Paul's Cathedral. It got its name because of its dedication to the Apostle Paul when the original church was founded on this site in the year 604. The current building was designed by Sir Christopher Wren in the late 1600's. We were able to climb up the rotunda and see some breathtaking views of the city.
This cathedral has held many important services over the centuries. The wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spenser was held here because it has more seating than Westminster Abbey. The church has also held the funerals of Sir Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher. Most recently, it held the thanksgiving service for the Diamone Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II.
After seeing St. Paul's we headed back to the hotel to get ready to go see the play One Man, Two Guvnors. It was quite humorous. On the way to the play, we walked through Trafalgar Square and saw the National Gallery.